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Optimizing kernel parameters with sysctl on CentOS Stream 9: TCP/IP stack, virtual memory, and file descriptors for production

A practical guide to optimizing kernel parameters with sysctl on CentOS Stream 9 for production environments: tuning the TCP/IP stack to increase throughput, adjusting vm.swappiness to prevent swap spikes, and expanding file descriptor limits for Nginx, Node.js, and Elasticsearch. Includes a complete, ready-to-use configuration and instructions for verifying changes after applying them.