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Deploying QinQ (Double VLAN 802.1ad) on Linux: Multi-Tenant Traffic Isolation and VLAN Space Expansion

QinQ (Double VLAN 802.1ad) expands the VLAN address space to ~16 million and provides fully independent traffic isolation between tenants over a single physical link. This guide covers configuring QinQ on Linux with ip link — from a 5-minute quick start to a production-ready setup with systemd-networkd — along with MTU debugging tips and a real-world intermittent packet loss story.